Programming Foundations

This introductory programming book offers a hands-on approach to learning Python, designed specifically for students of natural sciences who wish to enter the world of coding. Covering fundamental programming concepts - from variables and data types to functions and loops - the book presents examples and exercises rooted in applications across biology, physics, and mathematics. In addition to Python fundamentals, readers also build good practices of programming and working with computers, such as using the terminal, navigating an integrated development environment, tracking changes with Git, and writing pseudocode. Through hands-on learning, each chapter builds both confidence and competence, guiding students from simple scripts to more complex code. By the end of the book, students will not only understand Python’s core principles but also have the skills and tools to tackle real coding challenges within their scientific disciplines.